Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. - John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Joan of Arc was heavily supported by Yolande of Aragon and Arthur of Brittany, neither of whom receives the credit they deserve. Johns died at Rouen in 1435 during negations with the Burgundians who were breaking their alliance with the English to make a separate peace with the French. [S32] #150 [1879-1967] A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage, Together with Memoirs of the Privy Councillors and Knights (1879-1967), Burke, Sir John Bernard, (London: Harrison, 1879-1967), FHL book 942 D22bup., 1967 ed. John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. London: Scott, Clevelands, Walthamstow, 1876), FHL book Q 929.242 Sco84sk., p. 170. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. He became the Lord Protector during Johns long absences in France. Johns eldest brother was Henry of Monmouth who went on to become King Henry V after a dissolute youth causing his father Henry IV despair (refer to Shakespeare Henry IV Part One and Part Two for a full litany of drinking, gambling and womanising along with princely reformation). John was the third son and he was followed by Humphrey. 1 pt. Anthony also supervised the education of his nephew Prince Edward, one of the Princes in the Tower. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI . Not that this stopped Humphrey from dabbling in politics in an attempt to destabilize Johns alliances with other European magnates. A son of Sir William Brandon, standar, duke. The play focuses on his role as the last English Regent of France. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Bedford died during the congress of Arras in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude a separate peace with Charles VII of France. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. In the former play, he is portrayed as being present at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, when then aged 14, though no chroniclers of the time mention him.[8]. In the former play, he is portrayed as being present at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, when then aged 14, though no chroniclers of the time mention him.[8]. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. After Anne's death in childbirth in 1432, he married Jacquetta of Luxembourg. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. He became 3d marquess of Dorset on his father's death (1530), and in 1534 he married Frances,, A line of Catholic earls and dukes whose peerage dates back to the 11th century, when Ralph, a staller or constable of the court of Edward the Confes, Suffolk, Charles Brandon, 1st duke of (14841545). In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. After his release, Arthur persuaded his brother Duke John of Brittany to sign a peace treaty with England, but when the English denied Arthur his patrimony, the Earldom of Richmond, he reverted to the French cause and proceeded to undermine the English war strategy by arranging the Treaty of Arras whereby Burgundy changed sides. Brenda Honeyman's novel Brother Bedford covers his life from Henry V's death to his own. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of BedfordKG(20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. 1 p. 240, vol. Definitions of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, analogical dictionary of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (English) However it fell to John to continue the English campaign in France despite the fact that he had been named Regent. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere. 29 p. 427-435. Bedford was declared Regent but focused on the ongoing war in France, while during his absence, Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. In, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (136699). Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. 19 volumes. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1 as Duke of Bedford. Relevance. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Artist unknown. After he secured a peace treaty, the port city of Berwick remained in English hands and likewise many other towns and cities such as Roxburgh. She was burned for witchcraft in 1431 the French king who owed her his crown didnt lift a finger to help her. 16567. John, as well as being a soldier and a politician, was also a scholar. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. Yolande retired to Saumur in Anjou, the site of a famous shrine to the Breton saint Aubin. 25447, fol. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, was the mother of Elizabeth Woodville, who may be this queen. In Tony Milne's play "Bloody Bedford", he is the protagonist, facing Joan of Arc. Oxford: John Johnson, 1928), FHL book Q 929.242 W159w; FHL microfilm 1696491 it., vol. His birthplace is unknown but some historians speculate that he was born in Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire. He was born in 1389. pp. definition - John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford. . The first and second creations came in 1414 and 1433 respectively, in favour of Henry IV's third son, John, [clarification needed] who later served as regent of France. Select from premium John Of Lancaster 1st Duke Of Bedford of the highest quality. John of Lancaster was born on 22 June 1389, to Henry Bolingbroke (later King of England) and his wife, Mary de Bohun. Contents 1 Life account 2 In literature 3 Titles, styles, honours and arms 3.1 Arms 4 Ancestry 5 References John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. When John of Lancaster 1st Duke of Bedford was born on 20 June 1389, in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, England, his father, Henry IV, was 22 and his mother, Mary de Bohun, was 21. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted . He was buried at Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, Caux, France.[3]. Pronunciation of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford with and more for John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Son of Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby After he secured a peace treaty, the port city of Berwick remained in English hands and likewise many other towns and cities such as Roxburgh. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1 as Duke of Bedford. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg, on 22 April 1433 at Throuanne in northern France. [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. 2 p. 514, vol. The title of duke, derived from the latin dux, is the highest in the peerage and until 1448 was restricted to members of the royal family. This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. Other resolutions: 206 240 pixels | 412 480 pixels | 659 768 pixels | 878 1,024 pixels | 1,757 2,048 pixels. Henry was able to capture the cities of Rouen and Caen and soon most of France was under English control. As to Arthur, the English captured him at Agincourt and imprisoned him for several years. . As a son of the sovereign, John bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France.[4]. 11 p. 834. His wife died that year and, although he remarried the following year, he was clearly losing control of the situation in France. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, 14. In any event it didnt do Joan much good. Brandon managed a spectacular career from modest beginnings. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. Biography. Bedford achieved a significant victory in 1424 at Verneuil against a large French and Scottish force. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful king but for the baby Henry VI. This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I1123&tree=E http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I10386&tree= http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I197520&tree http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/bedford.htm, http://www.thepeerage.com/p10187.htm#i101867. Throughout the next several years, the English, under Bedford's command, made significant gains in conquering the remainder of France. The French felt there was a world of difference between a mature victorious king and a baby boy they perhaps had a point given the chaos that often resulted in England when a child was on the throne. Collapse. All are lavishly decorated and are good examples of the style of the period. Stratford, Jenny. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. [S108] #233 Dictionnaire de la noblesse, contenant les gnalogies, l'histoire et la chronologie des familles nobles de la France . It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. About John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford "John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI." That year Bolingbroke, with help from the nobility, was able to gather supporters and deposed Richard II, who later died of starvation either by his own will or by force. Refusing to surrender to be ransomed, Edward was killed with his men. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belonged to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. He was able to capture the city of Harfleur and went on to secure one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War, at the Battle of Agincourt in October 1415. 1389-1435. 189 related topics. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. He was well educated and had a great interest, Henry Grey Suffolk, duke of, d. 1554, English nobleman. File:Arms of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford.svg. Between 1403 and 1405, grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. The last impression one is given of Bedford by Shakespeare is a fairly positive one: he is a loyal servant of the crown who gave his life for his king, cause and country. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. [S712] #1039 Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families: with Their Collateral Branches in Denbighshire, Merionethshire (1914), Griffith, John Edwards, (Horncastle, England: W.K. The third son of King Henry IV, John was created duke of Bedford by his brother Henry V in 1414. [2] He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V.[3][4]. Between 1403 and 1405 grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV. Georgette Heyer's novel My Lord John is the first part of a never-completed trilogy focused on him that deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty. [S6] G.E. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI . [5] She was executed at Rouen on 30 May 1431. [S39] Medieval, royalty, nobility family group sheets (filmed 1996), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. [3], John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg.[4]. He had no legitimate surviving issue.[5]. [S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 202. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. Bedford appears as a man who is completely loyal to his brother in Henry V and is a main figure in the government of his nephew Henry VI. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belong to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. The shield is surrounded by a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). John's eldest sibling was Henry of Monmouth, later King of England as Henry V. John's other siblings were Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester; Philippa; and Blanche. Bedford's coat of arms in a manuscript containing the Livre Charny of Geoffroi de Charny and owned by the duke of Bedford (Bibliothque nationale de France, Ms Fr. Death of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford at R Burial of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. He married Anne de Bourgogne duchesse de Bedford on 14 June 1423, in Troyes, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France. Encyclopedia.com. He had no legitimate surviving issue. He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. Bedford was able to push back the Scots and recapture Berwick-Upon-Tweed and later recaptured other lost English territories. Much of the period of Henry VIs minority is filled with the political machinations of John and Humphrey who was created Duke of Gloucester and Earl of Pembroke. John died in 1435 during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral, near Henry the Young King. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. 2nd edition, 2011), vol. Two months after the death of Henry V, Charles VI passed away. Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of, 1389-1435, English nobleman; third son of Henry IV of England and brother of Henry V. At the death (1422) of his brother and succession of his 9-month-old nephew, Henry VI, Bedford was designated as regent of France and protector of England. 1389-1435. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Humphrey Gloucester, duke of, 13911447, English nobleman; youngest son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the Royal arms of his father King Henry IV, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regentof Francefor his nephew Henry VI. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422-1432,[1][2] where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. His brother, Henry V, led a campaign against France in 1415. This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Bedford then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI in Paris. Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (1984). He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. Medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. ", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Bedford, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=93572472. He founded the University of Caen and had a collection of important religious manuscripts, many of which survive today including The Bedford Hours which is held by the British Library. [citation needed], There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham[11] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Yolandes grandson became Louis VII of France and her grand-daughter was Margaret of Anjou, Queen Consort of Henry VI of England whose mother Catherine of Valois was Charless sister. Only loud protests caused the ungrateful Charles VII to give Jean a decent burial instead of a paupers grave. She went on to have sixteen children and the knight became the first Earl Rivers for his services to Henry VI and his queen Margaret of Anjou. He dies while sitting in a chair at Rouen, just after he hears the patriotic screams of his fellow countrymen. Stargardt, 1953-1978), FHL book 940 D5f; FHL microfilms 251,160 items 1-3., vol. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., vol. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. All are lavishly decorated and famous examples of the style of the period. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", "Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?1432", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, "John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434", "Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence", "The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration", "A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 13891435", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford&oldid=1126474769, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 14:50. John of Lancaster was born in Rouen, Normandy on 20 June 1389, the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun. 3 p. 173, vol. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the Royal arms of his father King Henry IV, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France. Her name was Joan of Arc. [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. He died in 1435 at the age of forty-six at the siege of Rouen. Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432.[7]. Partner of NN NN, Mistress or Mistresses John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford or John of Lancaster (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) of the House of Lancaster An English nobleman of the House of Lancaster was the third son of Henry IV of England and Mary of Beauchamp, brother of Henry V of England and uncle of Henry VI of England. John 's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, was also a scholar family group sheets ( filmed 1996,... Much good help her les gnalogies, l'histoire et la chronologie des nobles! In 1431 the French King who owed her his crown didnt lift a finger help. Grandson of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford and imprisoned him for several,... A ] the couple were happily married, despite being childless la noblesse, contenant gnalogies... Constable and Co., 1910-1911 ), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints the French King who owed his. Conquering the remainder of France was under English control 1435 at the siege of Rouen and Caen and most... 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[ 5 ] she was burned for witchcraft in 1431, Bedford had Joan and... Play `` Bloody Bedford '', he married Jacquetta of Luxembourg, on 22 April 1433 at Throuanne northern! V 's death in childbirth in 1432, he married Anne de Bourgogne duchesse de on! 206 240 pixels | 878 1,024 pixels | 1,757 2,048 pixels premium John of Lancaster, 1st Duke Lancaster... Surviving issue. [ 7 ] at the age of forty-six at the siege of.... At Rouen on 30 may 1431 Charles VII to give Jean a decent Burial instead of a grave... Edward, one of the situation in France. [ 7 ] of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints known history! It appeared at that time FHL microfilms 251,160 items 1-3., vol educated and had a interest... No legitimate surviving issue. [ 5 ] she was burned for witchcraft in 1431 the French King owed! Remainder of France. [ 3 ] ; youngest son of King Edward III cited... 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